Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)

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This post should be used for entertainment purposes only and the contents should not be considered medical advice

Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is a complex and often misunderstood condition that affects the nervous system. Although the exact causes are not fully understood, it is believed that a combination of psychological and physiological factors contribute to its development. Managing FND can be extremely challenging, and appropriate nutrition may play a significant role in supporting individuals with this condition. In this post, we will explore FND and how nutrition could make a positive impact on managing symptoms.

History

FND previously known as conversion disorder, has a long history in medicine and psychology, with ancient Greeks describing similar symptoms as "hysteria." Modern understanding and terminology have evolved, with Freud first introducing the term "conversion disorder" in the late 19th century. Recently, FND has gained wider acceptance, reflecting a more nuanced understanding of the condition as involving both psychological and neurological factors. FND's discovery and comprehension have developed over centuries, aligning with advancements in medical and psychological knowledge, and it continues to be a subject of ongoing research and study.

Aetiology

FND is a neurological condition characterised by abnormal brain network functioning, resulting in genuine neurological symptoms without an underlying organic cause. Formerly known as conversion, psychogenic, or dissociative disorders, it is now termed functional neurological symptom disorder in the DSM-5. FND encompasses various clinical syndromes, including seizures, movement disorders, dizziness, sensory disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. The overlapping symptoms with other disorders like multiple sclerosis and epilepsy have led to decades of misdiagnosis resulting in a gap in the literature. While psychological stressors are common risk factors, they are not always present, suggesting a multifactorial origin. FND predominantly affects females and may onset at varying ages. Comorbid psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety are common, and genetic factors, epigenetics, and neurocircuitry alterations may contribute to susceptibility. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging, with limited healthcare provider awareness, but multidisciplinary approaches combining physical and psychological therapies offer promise in managing this complex condition. Although the pathophysiology is unknown, there is generally a triggering event that initiates the onset of FND. Triggering events may be psychological or physical, arising in the form of stress, trauma, anxiety, injury, infections, or alterations in brain function.

The Role of Nutrition in FND

Inflammation: Chronic inflammation has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including FND. Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet can help reduce inflammation in the body, potentially alleviating some FND symptoms. Eliminating pro-inflammatory foods like seed oils and incorporating foods rich in antioxidants, like fruits, as well as omega-3 fatty acids found in quality eggs or fatty fish like salmon.

Gut-Brain Connection: Emerging research has highlighted the importance of the gut-brain connection in neurological health. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome through a balanced diet can positively influence brain function. Probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, as well as fibre-rich foods, support gut health and may indirectly benefit individuals with FND.

Nutrient Deficiencies: Nutrient deficiencies can exacerbate neurological symptoms. Ensure you are getting an adequate intake of essential nutrients, including B vitamins, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D. These nutrients play crucial roles in nerve function and overall neurological health.

Mood and Stress Management: As psychological factors play a significant role in FND, managing stress and mood is essential. Maintaining a healthy sleep schedule, avoiding excessive sensory stimulation, reducing screen use, and getting plenty of sun can all help limit stress.

Hydration: Dehydration can exacerbate symptoms, so be sure to drink plenty of good-quality water throughout the day.

Processed foods: Processed foods are often high in sugar, inflammatory fats, and additives, which can contribute to inflammation. Eliminate your intake of these foods.

Caffeine and alcohol: Excessive consumption of caffeine and alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns and worsen stress and anxiety.

Experimental treatments

In 2022, a self-report study involving 1040 respondents unveiled a fascinating trend in the use of alternative treatments, both legal and illicit, for various neurological disorders. Among the respondents, a significant 52% opted for legal substances, with a noteworthy 22% reporting extreme effectiveness from Cannabidiol (CBD) which has also been used clinically to treat various neurological disorders, among them epilepsy and complex motor disorders. 

Simultaneously, cannabis emerged as the most popular illicit substance choice, showing promise in regulating pain responses through the endogenous cannabinoid system. Impressively, 142 patients with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) found cannabis to be moderately effective and well-tolerated for managing their FND symptoms. Additionally, a prior study indicated that patients with functional seizures also turned to CBD, possibly benefiting from its anxiolytic effects, which might be influenced by positive expectations. This convergence of legal and illicit options underscores the dynamic landscape of alternative treatments for neurological disorders, prompting further studies to explore their mechanism of action.

Conclusion

While nutrition alone cannot cure Functional Neurological Disorder, it can play a valuable role in managing its symptoms and improving overall well-being. A balanced, anti-inflammatory diet, along with proper hydration and stress management, can help individuals with FND lead healthier and more comfortable lives. Remember that FND is a complex condition, and a holistic approach to treatment, including medical and psychological support, is crucial. By nourishing both the body and the mind, individuals with FND may cope better with their condition and enhance their quality of life.